China

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Basic information of the country/area
Name of the country/area China
Formal name of the country/area People's Republic of China
Country/area information The World Factbook (CIA)
Wikipedia (English)


Contents

Indigenous signs for "China"

Movies

Sign of country name "China" (Data offered by Deaf informants in China; movie made by Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies)


Illustrations in the literature

"China" (In: Japanese Federation of the Deaf ed. Supervisor: Hedberg, Tomas. 2003. Country name-signs. Helsinki, Finland: World Federation of the Deaf. 15.)


Spoken languages

Chinese


Sign languages

Chinese Sign Language

Tibetan Sign Language


Population of Deaf/deaf people

20,040,000 deaf persons in China (2006 CDRF). (Ethnologue web edition)


Legal status of sign languages

Organizations and associations of the Deaf/deaf

China Association of the Deaf, China Disabled Persons' Federation (WFD member)


Institutes, associations and universities for sign language studies

Education for the Deaf

Pinnock, H and Lewis, I. 2008. China: Sign-bilingual education for Deaf children. In : Making Schools Inclusive 21-23.


Deaf communities and cultures

TAKADA Eiichi "Easten Red." WFD News 11(2): 1998. 16-20.


Religious activities by the Deaf

Famous Deaf persons and hearing persons concerned with sign languages

Sign language dictionaries

Zhong guo long ren xie hui ed. 2003.Zhong guo shou yu (Revised edition) Vol.I, II. Hua xia chu ban she: Beijing.

Yau, Shun-Chiu. 1997. The Chinese signs: Lexicon of the standart sign language for the deaf in China. Hong Kong, Paris : Ed. Lang. Croisés.

Zhong guo long ren xie hui ed. 1990. Zhong guo shou yu. Hua xia chu ban she: Beijing.


Bibliography

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Liu, Hongyu. 2016. FINISH for Perfective and Reduplication for Non-perfective: Then what else is in Shanghai Variety of Chinese Sign Language (SCSL)? Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Ma, Yunyi. 2016. History of Signing in China. Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Sze, Felix, Aaron Wong, Monica Wei, Chi SanAo, HoMan Un, KaWengU and KamSun Wong. 2016. Preliminary documentation of Macau Sign Language. Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Hao. 2015. A preliminary investigation of SCSL (Shanghai variant of Chinese Sign Languages) content question. Poster presentation at 2nd International Conference on Sign Language Acquisition, 1-3 July 2015, Amsterdam.

He and Tang. 2015. Late acquisition of resultative constructions by bimodal bilingual deaf children in China. Oral presentation at 2nd International Conference on Sign Language Acquisition, 1-3 July 2015, Amsterdam.

Liu, Hongyu and Jilin Fu. 2013. A Study on the Aspectual System of Chinese Sign Language (Shanghai Dialect). Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR11).

Chen, Xiao-hong. 2013. A Study of Simultaneous Structures in Chinese Sign Language. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Cheung, Karen, Scholastica Lam, Gladys Tang and Chris Yiu. 2013. What (probably) matters in the development of Chinese literacy by D/hh students in a sign bilingual and co-enrolment programme. Presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Gu, Dingqian, Yanhong Liu and Li Cheng. 2013. Survey of Sign Language Using in China. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Jones, Gabrielle. 2013. A Cross cultural and Cross Linguistic Analysis of Deaf Reading Practices in China: Case Studies using Teacher Interviews & Classroom Observations. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Lin, Hao. 2013. Pronouns in CSL (Shanghai). Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Liu, Bo. 2013. Modifier and center word order in Shanghai sign language. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Liu, Hongyu. 2013. A Study on the Aspectual Marking of Perfect in Chinese Sign Language. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

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Ni, Lan. 2013. Transitivity in Shanghai Sign Language. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Sagara, Keiko. 2013. Comparing the structures of number signs in Japanese Sign Language and Chinese Sign Language. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Tang, Gladys and Jia He. 2013. On the nature of instrument in the classifier predicates of Hong Kong Sign Language and Tianjin Sign Language. Presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Zheng, Xuan. 2013. Research and Practice of A Course in Sign Language – Chinese Translation in Deaf School. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2013, 30 January – 2 February 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

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Cheng, Jiang. 2010. A survey of age-specific variation in noun signs of Shanghai Sign Language. Presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

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Hua, Lv Hui, Wu Ling, Zhang Huiwen and Gao Li Qun. 2010. Experimental study on the relative clause structure in the Chinese Sign. Presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Jamie, Berke. 2010. Deaf Community –China In : About.com.

Jia, He. 2010. A case study on the non-manuals of instrument classifiers in Tianjin Sign Language (TJSL). Presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Lan, Ni. 2010. The directionality of verbs in Chinese Sign Language. Poster presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Min, Yi Yu. 2010. The survey of the phonology of Shanghai Sign Language. Poster presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Qiong, Luo. 2010. A survey of mouthing in Shanghai Sign Language. Poster presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Tan, Liu Hsiu, Tseng Chin Hsing and Liu Chun Jung. 2010. A semantic priming experiment with signed Chinese users Poster presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Woodard, Louis. 2010. Sociological and regional variation in Shanghai Sign Language. Presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Xuan, Zheng. 2010. A study of signs for non-visual concepts in Shanghai variety of Chinese Sign Language. Poster presentation at the Conference on Sign Linguistics and Deaf Education in Asia, 2010. (Hong Kong).

Johnson, Kathryn, Richard Lytle and Jun Hui Yang. 2009. Deaf education and the Deaf community in China: Past, present and future. In: Moores, Donald F. and Margery S. Miller eds. Deaf people around the world: Educational and social perspectives. Washington,DC : Gallaudet University Press. 17-32.

Mudgett-DeCaro, Patricia A. and James J. DeCaro. 2009. Postsecondary education for Deaf people in China. In: Moores, Donald F. and Margery S. Miller eds. Deaf people around the world: Educational and social perspectives. Washington,DC : Gallaudet University Press. 33-45.

Marjorie K. M. Chan and Wang Xu. 2009. Modality Effects Revisited: Iconicity in Chinese Sign Language. In : Tai, James. H-Y. and Jane Tsay eds. Taiwan Sign Language and beyond. Chia-Yi, Taiwan: The Taiwan Institute for the Humanities, National Chung Cheng. 49-82.

Su, Shiou-fen and James H-Y. Tai. 2009. Lexical Comparison of Signs from Taiwan, Chinese, Japanese, and American Sign Languages: Taking Iconicity into Account. In : Tai, James. H-Y. and Jane Tsay eds. Taiwan Sign Language and beyond. Chia-Yi, Taiwan: The Taiwan Institute for the Humanities, National Chung Cheng. 149-176.

Ann, Jean, Wayne H. Smith, and chiangsheng Yu. 2007. The Sign Language of Mainland China at the Ch'iying School in Taiwan. In : Quinto-Pozos, David ed. Sign Language in Contact. 235-258. Washington, DC. Gallaudet University Press.

Mudgett-DeCaro, Patricia A. and James J. DeCaro. 2006. Postsecondary education for Deaf people in China.

Wang Xu, B.A. 2006. A Comparison of Chinese and Taiwan Sign Languages: Towards a New Model for Sign Language Comparison. A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University.

Yang, Jun Hui. 2006. Deaf teachers in China: Their perceptions regarding their roles and the barriers they face. Washington,DC : Gallaudet University. Unpublished dissertation.

Biggs, Cassie. 2005. Seen and not heard. In : Weekend, February 26–27, 2005.

Gong, Qunhu. 2005. Shouyu wenti jianghua(About Chinese Sign Language). In : Shen, Yulin, A. Wu, and C. Chu eds. Shuangyu Longjiaoyu de Lilun yu Shijian.(Theories and practice of Deaf bilingual education.)Beijing : Huaxia. 39-60.

Gong, Qunhu.. 2005. Zhongguo longren yuyan jiaoyu wenti. In : Shen, Yulin, A. Wu and C. Chu eds. Shuangyu Longjiaoyu de Lilun yu Shijian.(Theories and practice of Deaf bilingual education). Beijing : Huaxia. 61-90.

Lytle, Richard R., Kathryn E. Johnson and Jun Hui Yang. 2005/2006. Deaf education in china: History, current issue and emerging Deaf voices. In: American annals of the Deaf. 150(5) : 457-469.

Shen, Yulin, Anan Wu and Chaoyu Chu. 2005. Shuangyu long jiaoyu de lilun yu shijian (Bilingual Deaf Education: Theories and Practices). Beijing. Huaxia.

Biggs, Cassie. 2004. A bilingual and bicultural approach to teaching deaf children in China. Beijing UNICEF.

Chen, Yiqiang, Wen Gao, Changshui Yang, Dalong Jiang and Cunbao Ge. 2004. Chinese Sign Language Synthesis and Its Applications. Oral Presentation at 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. In : Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages, Workshop on the occasion of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2004. 111-112.

Fang, Hong. 2004. Longren jiaoshi de peiyang ji zuosong (training Deaf Teachers and Functions of Deaf Teachers). In : Journal of Nangjing Special Education. 3. 30-32.

Nakayama, Sinichiro. 2004. Make a Comparison of Word Order between Sign Language and Language for writing : From study about sign language used in Asia and Africa. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 52(2004.06):22-26. [Including information of [ Ghana, Zambia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand ]

Yang, Jun Hui. 2004. The linguistic status of finger wiggling in Chinese Sign Language interrogatives. Paper presented at the Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research 8, Barcelona, Spain.

Yeh, Elizabeth T. 2004. Chinese Sign Language In : ASLU

Flaherty, M. 2003. Sign language and chinese characters on visual-spatial memory: a literature review. In : Perceptual and Motor Skills. 97, 797-802.

Johnson, Kathryn E. 2003. Deaf education in china: 2002 to 2020. In: Dissertation abstracts international. 64(2) 957B. UMI(University of Minnesota) No.3117543.

Ann, Jean. 2003. The Chiying school in Taiwan: A foreigner's perspective. In: Monaghan, Leila, Constanze Schmaling, Karen Nakamura and Graham H. Turner eds. Many ways to be Deaf: International variation in Deaf communities. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 230-248.

Callaway, Alison. 2002. Deaf Children in China. Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press.

Lin, A. 2002. Chinese philosophies and public attitudes towards Deaf people. Power point presentation, 8th Asia-Pacific congress on Deafness., Taipei, Taiwan.

Wu, L. 2002. Education for Deaf students: Respecting education and studying emotional quotient theory. In: Chinese journal of special education. 1(33) : 41-44.

Yang, Jun Hui. 2002. A chronology of Deaf education in China. Washington,DC : Gallaudet University. Unpublished manuscript.

Yang, Jun Hui. 2002. An introduction to CSL/Chinese bilingual education for deaf children in China. In : Chinese Journal of Special Education 2 (1) 33-37.

Yang, Jun Hui and S. D. Fisher. 2002. Expressing negation in Chinese Sign Language. In : Sign Language and Linguistics. 5: 167-202.

Kobayashi, Masayuki. 2002. Sign Language Studies in China: the status of Sign Language. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 44(2002.06) :42-49.

Callaway, Alison. 2001. Constructing deafness in a different culture: perspectives from China. In: Callaway, Alison ed. Deafness and Development. Learning from Projects with Deaf Children and Deaf Adults in Developing Countries. University of Bristol, Centre for Deaf Studies. 68-73.

Lee, Hsin-Hsien, Jane Tsay and James Myers. 2001. Handshape articulation in Taiwan Sign Language and Signed Chinese. Presented at the Conference on Sign Linguistics, Deaf Education and Deaf Culture in Asia, Chinese University of Hong Kong, December.

Roberts, Elvire. 2001. Sign language interpreting services in China. In: Callaway, Alison ed. Deafness and Development. University of Bristol, Centre for Deaf Studies. 55-64.

2000. China, People's Republic of. In : Turkington, Carol, and Allen E. Sussman eds. The encyclopedia of deafness and hearing disorders, second edition. New York : Facts on File. 47.

Ta Ta. 2000. Deaf students call for equal treatment. [Retrieved October 6, 2008 from http://www.pen.ntid.rit.edu/pdf/cd-20000602.pdf]

Callaway, Alison. 2000. Deaf children in China. Washington,DC : Gallaudet University Press.

Kobayashi, Masayuki. 2000. Chinese law on the protection of disabled persons. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :33-39.

Ishizawa, Haruhiko. 2000. The situation of the sign language interpreters in China. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :26-32.

Miyamoto, Ichiro. 2000. Research on Chinese Sign Language. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :18-25.

Tsuchiya, Michiko. 2000. The organization, employment prospects and other issues concerning Deaf people in China. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :13-17.

Kato, Mihoko. 2000. Deaf education in China and Chinese Sign Language. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :6-12.

Ando, Toyoki. 2000. Deaf people in contemporary China. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :2-5.

Foreign sign language department JISLS. 2000. Foreword on special edition: Sign language and Deaf people in China. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 37(2000.09) :1.

Callaway, Alison. 1999. Considering sign bilingual education in cultural context: A survey of deaf schools in Jiangsu Province, China. In: Deafness and education international. 1(1) : 34-46.

Callaway, Alison. 1999. Translating theory into practice in a different cultural context: a bilingual approach to deaf children in China. In: Stone, E. ed. Disability and Development. Leeds: The Disability Press. 110-129.

Martin, David S., Leslie Hussey, Debbie Sicoli and Zhang Ning Sheng. 1999. Removing barriers and building bridges: American Deaf interns teaching Chinese Deaf children. In: American annals of the Deaf.144(3) : 281-288.

Wu A, Alison Callaway and P. Makey. 1999. Developing Bilingual Education for Deaf Children in China. Nanjing: Save the Children.

Zhao, Xi-An. 1999. Zhongguo Shouyu yanjiu (Chinese Sign Language Studies). Beijing. Huaxia.

Callaway, Alison. 1998. Deaf Children in China. In : China Review Spring. 28-32.

Kobayashi, Masayuki. 1998. Deaf in Asia(1) :China. In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 29(1998.09) :44-49.

Tzeng, Shih-jay. 1998. Language mode, language production rate, working memory span, and reading comprehension of Chinese deaf readers. Poster session at Sixth International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research

Kobayashi, Masayuki. 1996. The standardization of Chinese Sign Language : Special reference on the compilation process of CSL(supp/ed.). In: Sign Language Communication Studies (Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies, Japanese Federation of the Deaf) 20(1996.03) :9-14.

Yu Jian. 1995. Education of deaf children in regular class in China: achievements, problems, and measures. In : International Journal of Special Education. 10 (1) 1-6.

Zhang Ning-Shen, Ma Jun and Yu Jian. 1995. Overview of vocational education experiments in an urban school for the deaf in China. In : International Journal of Special Education. 10 (1) 7-11.

1992. China. In : Turkington, Carol, and Allen E. Sussman eds. The encyclopedia of deafness and hearing disorders [first edition]. New York : Facts on File.

Yau, Shun-Chiu. 1991. La langue des signes chinoise. In:Cahiers de linguistique Asie Orientale 20:1. 138-142.

Yan, Shun Chiu, and Jingxian He. 1989. How deaf children in a Chinese school get their name signs. In: Sign language studies. 65, 305-322.

Piao, Yong-sin. 1987. China, People's Republic of. In : Van Cleve, John V. (editor in chief), Gallaudet College eds. Gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness. New York : McGraw-Hill. vol.1. 181-184.

Yau, Shun-chiu. 1987. Sign languages : Chinese. In : Van Cleve, John V. (editor in chief), Gallaudet College eds. Gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness. New York: McGraw-Hill. vol.3. 65-67.

Fok, Angela; Ursula Bellugi; and Diane Lillo-Martin. 1986. Remembering in Chinese signs and characters. In : H.S.R. Kao and R. Hoosain eds. Linguistics, Psychology, and the Chinese Language. Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong. 177-202.

Fu, Y. and Mei, C. 1986. Longren Shouyu Gailun. Shanghai : Xuelin.

Gaines, Rossalyn and Piao Yongxin. 1985. Chinese deaf children's reading skills and signing styles. In: Stokoe, William C. and Virginia Volterra eds. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Sign Language Research, Rome, June 1983. Silver Spring: Linstock. 91-100.

China Deaf and Blind Association. 1981. Long ya ren tong yang shou yu tu (Deaf persons common sign language manual). Shanghai: China Deaf and Blind Association.

Fang, P. M. 1979. Zhongguo zaoqi de long jiaoyu lishi (A history of early deaf education in China). In : Longyou Huixun (Newsletter of the Deaf Alimni Association). Vol.2. 6.

Yan, Shun Chiu. 1977. The Chinese signs: Lexicon of the standard sign language for the deaf in china. Kowloon and Hong Kong: Chiu Ming Publishers.

Fromkin, Victoria A. 1975. Language training of the Deaf in the People's Republic of China. In: The linguistic reporter. 3.

Taylor, Allan R. 1956. The Shanghai gesture. In: Folklore Fellows' Communication No. 166. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica (Finnish Academy of Science and Letters).[Including information of Shanghai Sign Language]

Westling, Tyra Melvia. 1936. The School for the Deaf at Chefoo. In : Volta Review. 38: 23-26; 56-57.

1929. [In Memoriam] Mrs Annetta T Mills. In : Chinese Recorder. 60: 386-87. (Pioneer of education for deaf children in China.)

Griffith, M. E. Hume. 1927. Dust of Gold. An account of the work of the CEZMS among the blind and deaf of India, China and Ceylon etc. London: Church of England Zenana Mission Society.

Mills, Annetta T. 1922. Training teachers for Chinese deaf children. In : Chinese Recorder. 53: 230-232.

Teaching the Deaf in China, Japan, and Korea. 1915. In : Volta Review. 17: 314.

Bemis, Luna May. 1915. Yours for the Deaf in China. In : Volta Review. 17: 18.

Carter, Anita E. 1915. Teaching speech to the deaf. In : Volta Review. 17: 315-317.

Carter, Anita E. 1914. Letter from Chefoo School for the Deaf. [No publisher shown]

Smith, Nellie D. 1914. A Chinese Helen Keller. Chefoo School for the Deaf. [Pamphlet concerning Wang Fung-Ying.]

Carter, Anita E. 1912. Origin of the Girls' Department in the School for Chinese Deaf, Chefoo, China. In : Volta Review. 14: 199.

Mills, Annetta T. 1910. China Through a Car-Window; observations ... in the course of a four months' journey in behalf of the Chinese deaf, etc. Washington D.C.: Volta Bureau.

Entrican, Sara. 1908. The Story of the Chifu School (for the deaf). Trenton NJ: Office of The Silent Worker. China.

Mills, Annetta T. 1908. The Chefoo, China, School for the Deaf and its future. In : Association Review. 10: 82-88.

Carpenter, Dudley N. 1907. A visit to the Chefoo, China, School for the Deaf. In : Association Review. 9: 359-362.

1902. Deaf School News, Chefoo, China. In : The Association Review. 4 (1902): 82-85.

Mills, Annetta T. 1901. The Chefoo, China, School for the Deaf. In : Association Review 3: 24-27. “School for the Deaf, Teng Chow, Chefoo, China.” In : Silent Messenger. (1896, July) No. 9, Vol.II, 46-47.

Mills, Annetta T. 1893. Our school for deaf mutes in China. In : Woman's Work for Woman. 8 (Feb.) 37-39.

Hartmann, F. 1890. Orphanages, asylums for the blind, deaf and dumb, and other charitable institutions in China. In: Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China, held at Shanghai, May 7-20, 1890. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. 291-302.

Mills, Charles R. 1890. Deaf-mute instruction. In : Chinese Recorder. 21: 243-246.

1876. Deaf-Mutism in China. In : American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb. 1876. 21 (4) 256-57.

Researchers

History of sign language research

Events

Links

Sign Languages in Asia: China (Data offered by Deaf informants in China; movies made by Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies)

Hearing and speech rehabilitation (in Chinese)

Hearing and speech rehabilitation (in English)

www.chinalrbk.com

Spe-edu.net

www.longjy.cn

Deaf cultures and Sign Languages of the world: China, People's Republic of

Deaf cultures and Sign Languages of the world: Tibet

Fingeralphabete (China)

Sign Puddle Online 1.5 : Write Sign Language Dictionaries & Literature in Any Sign Language in the World...


Notes

Countries and areas of Asia
Asia (general) Asia (general)
East Asia China | Japan | Mongolia | North Korea | South Korea
Southeast Asia Brunei | Cambodia | East Timor | Indonesia | Laos | Malaysia | Myanmar | Philippines | Singapore | Thailand | Vietnam
South Asia Bangladesh | Bhutan | India | Maldives | Nepal | Pakistan | Sri Lanka
West Asia Afghanistan
Areas and others Hong Kong | Macau | Taiwan
Personal tools
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